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Attribution of Observed Global Warming to Countries
Corinne Le Quéré and Matt Jones
The UN General Assembly has asked the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for advice on the obligations of States to prevent and address climate change.
But do we know who contributed what to climate change?
UEA has conducted research to help determine national contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of greenhouse gases. This research introduced a new dataset of national contributions to global warming caused by historical emissions carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) resulting from the use of fossil fuels and land by human activities in each country. It calculated the global mean surface temperature response to historical emissions of the three gases taking into account the properties of the gases, and provides the contributions by States, by gas, for fossil fuels and land use individually, and for different time-periods.
Use the interactive map and table to explore the contributions by country and for different time periods. The apps visualise CO2, CH4, N2O, as well as all three GHGs combined, for the period 1851-2022 and sub-periods. Click on countries to see how their contributions evolved over time.
How to use these interactive visualisation apps
For the interactive map, use the options above to select your choice of emission source (fossil fuels, land use change or both combined); GHG (CO2, CH4, N2O or all three combined); and time period (1851-2022, 1990-2022, 2005-2022, or 2020-2022). Once selected, you can hover over any country to reveal the emissions for the selected emissions source, gas and time period, in the top right corner. There is also a toggle to switch from EU27 aggregate to individual EU countries. On the left, there are options to zoom, reset, save a screenshot, or open an information modal explaining the data and methods.
For the interactive table, use the options above to select your choice of GHG and time period. By default, the table ranks countries by greatest contribution to warming (%), while the source column uses coloured bars to represent the proportion coming from fossil fuels and land use. Hovering your cursor over the fossil fuel or land use bar reveals the percentage contribution. You can select and pin countries of interest to the top of the table. In the top right corner there are buttons to reset the table, or to download the source data.
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Photo by Marcin Jozwiak on Unsplash.